{"id":17797,"date":"2026-02-04T19:06:17","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T17:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?p=17797"},"modified":"2026-02-06T15:36:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T13:36:34","slug":"plutarch-3-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?p=17797","title":{"rendered":"Cicero"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab uagb-block-6afda995 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab wp-elements-604b59db84068a3d44a47482301b3412\">Dies ist eine vereinfachte Darstellung f\u00fcr Mobiltelefone.<br>Die originalgetreue Wiedergabe des Exponats ist nur auf Bildschirm oder Tablet m\u00f6glich.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-modal 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data-id=\"9393\">Was gibt&#8217;s Neues<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=11208#a0\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"11208\">Kalenderblatt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Das Museum<br>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1336\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1336\">\u00dcber uns<\/a><br>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?p=13711\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"13711\">Bildschirmdarstellung<\/a><br>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=9363\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9363\">Partner und Unterst\u00fctzer<\/a><br>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=2054\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2054\">Mitmachen<\/a><br>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=7106\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7106\">Newsletter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>R\u00e4ume<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=561#a0\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"561\">Empfangshalle<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=3140\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3140\">Sonderausstellung<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=688\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"688\">Ruhmeshalle<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1171\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1171\">Bibliothek<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=3375\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3375\">Zitaten-Schatzkammer<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=838\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"838\">Kids&#8216; Philosophy<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=6128\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"6128\">Kinosaal<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1959\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1959\">Debattenraum<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1900\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1900\">G\u00e4stebuch<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1375\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1375\">Rechtliches \/ Impressum<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-aos= \"fade\" data-aos-duration=\"400\" data-aos-delay=\"0\" data-aos-easing=\"ease\" data-aos-once=\"true\" id=\"a0\" 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class=\"has-text-align-left\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong>Wegweiser<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/\">Startseite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=561#a11\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"561\">Wegweiser<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=3109\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3109\">Themen und Objekte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=12381\">Ideen und Ereignisse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=9393#a0\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9393\">Was gibt&#8217;s Neues<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=11208#a0\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"11208\">Kalenderblatt<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong>R\u00e4ume<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=561#a0\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"561\">Empfangshalle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=3140\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3140\">Sonderausstellung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=688\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"688\">Ruhmeshalle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=14612\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"688\">Kunstgalerie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1171\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1171\">Bibliothek<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=3375\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3375\">Zitaten-Schatzkammer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=838\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"838\">Kids&#8216; Philosophy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=6128\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"6128\">Kinosaal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1959\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1959\">Debattenraum<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong>Das Museum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1336\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1336\">\u00dcber uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?p=13711\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"13711\">Bildschirmdarstellung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=9363\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9363\">Partner und Unterst\u00fctzer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=2054\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2054\">Mitmachen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=7106\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7106\">Newsletter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1375\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1375\">Rechtliches \/ Impressum<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">Bitte trage dich in unser<br><a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=1900\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1900\">G\u00e4stebuch<\/a> ein.<br>\u00dcber ein paar Zeilen w\u00fcrden wir uns sehr freuen.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uag-hide-mob uagb-block-409a2407 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-f62181c7\"><div class=\"uagb-heading-text\">Men\u00fc<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-dcaae856\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">Marcus Tullius Cicero<\/h2><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\">* 03.01.106 v. Chr. in Arpino<br>\u2020 07.12.43 v. Chr. bei Formia<br>war Politiker, Redner, Philosoph und Schriftsteller und pr\u00e4gte wie kaum ein anderer das geistige Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis der sp\u00e4ten R\u00f6mischen Republik.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a5587f82\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-modal uagb-block-ea28086a uagb-modal-wrapper\" data-escpress=\"enable\" data-overlayclick=\"enable\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Biografie3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uagb-modal-trigger\" width=\"249\" height=\"212\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><div class=\"uagb-effect-default uagb-modal-popup uagb-block-ea28086a uagb-modal-type-undefined\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-content\">\n<p>Marcus Tullius Cicero (106\u201343 v. Chr.) z\u00e4hlt zu den bedeutendsten Gestalten der r\u00f6mischen Antike. Er war Politiker, Redner, Philosoph und Schriftsteller und pr\u00e4gte wie kaum ein anderer das geistige Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis der sp\u00e4ten R\u00f6mischen Republik. Seine Biografie ist eng mit den politischen Krisen seiner Zeit verbunden, w\u00e4hrend seine philosophischen Werke bis heute als Schl\u00fcssel zur Rezeption der griechischen Philosophie im lateinischen Westen gelten.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17881\" style=\"width:372px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541.jpg 526w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-246x246.jpg 246w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-276x276.jpg 276w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d315c7ef6c6d391f1cc551994e941d541-125x125.jpg 125w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">So k\u00f6nnte er ausgesehen haben<br> KI-generiertes Bild nach zeitgen\u00f6ssischer B\u00fcste<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cicero wurde 106 v. Chr. in Arpino in eine wohlhabende Ritterfamilie geboren. Anders als viele f\u00fchrende Politiker Roms entstammte er nicht dem alten Senatorenadel, was seinen sp\u00e4teren Aufstieg umso bemerkenswerter macht. Er erhielt eine umfassende Ausbildung in Rhetorik, Recht und Philosophie, unter anderem in Rom, Athen und Rhodos. Fr\u00fch zeigte sich sein au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnliches Talent als Redner, das ihm rasch Anerkennung einbrachte. Seine politische Laufbahn folgte dem traditionellen cursus honorum (\u00c4mterlaufbahn) und erreichte ihren H\u00f6hepunkt 63 v. Chr., als er zum Konsul gew\u00e4hlt wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ber\u00fchmt wurde Cicero vor allem durch sein entschlossenes Vorgehen gegen die Catilinarische Verschw\u00f6rung, einen Umsturzversuch unter F\u00fchrung des Senators Catilina. Mit seinen scharfen Reden verteidigte er die Republik, lie\u00df jedoch auch Verschw\u00f6rer ohne ordentliches Gerichtsverfahren hinrichten. Diese Entscheidung brachte ihm kurzfristig Ruhm, langfristig aber politische Feinde und schlie\u00dflich das Exil ein. In den folgenden Jahren geriet Cicero zunehmend zwischen die Fronten m\u00e4chtiger Akteure wie Pompeius, Caesar und sp\u00e4ter Marcus Antonius. Nach Caesars Ermordung stellte er sich rhetorisch gegen Antonius, was ihm letztlich zum Verh\u00e4ngnis wurde: 43 v. Chr. wurde Cicero ermordet und sein Leichnam gesch\u00e4ndet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philosophisch kommt Cicero eine besondere Rolle zu, obwohl er kein origineller Denker im strengen Sinne war. Seine gro\u00dfe Leistung besteht darin, die griechische Philosophie \u2013 insbesondere den Stoizismus, den Platonismus und den Skeptizismus \u2013 f\u00fcr ein r\u00f6misches Publikum zug\u00e4nglich gemacht zu haben. Er schrieb auf Latein, nicht auf Griechisch, und schuf dabei erstmals eine philosophische Fachsprache, die sp\u00e4ter das Denken des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit nachhaltig beeinflusste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Werken wie <em>De re publica<\/em>, <em>De legibus<\/em> und <em>De officiis<\/em> verband Cicero Philosophie mit politischer Praxis. Zentrale Themen sind Gerechtigkeit, Pflicht, Naturrecht und die beste Staatsform. Besonders einflussreich ist seine Vorstellung eines universalen Naturrechts, das allen positiven Gesetzen \u00fcbergeordnet ist und aus der Vernunft des Menschen hervorgeht. Diese Idee wirkte weit \u00fcber die Antike hinaus, etwa auf christliche Denker wie Augustinus und Thomas von Aquin sowie auf die politische Philosophie der Aufkl\u00e4rung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cicero verk\u00f6rpert damit den Typus des humanistischen Intellektuellen, der moralische Reflexion, politische Verantwortung und sprachliche Brillanz vereint. Seine Biografie zeigt die Spannungen eines Denkers in unruhigen Zeiten, seine Philosophie den Versuch, Ordnung, Vernunft und Ethik in einer zerfallenden Republik zu bewahren.<\/p>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-modal uagb-block-d80c43dc uagb-modal-wrapper\" data-escpress=\"enable\" data-overlayclick=\"enable\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/pictwerke3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uagb-modal-trigger\" width=\"249\" height=\"194\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><div class=\"uagb-effect-default uagb-modal-popup uagb-block-d80c43dc uagb-modal-type-undefined\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-content\">\n<p>Von Marcus Tullius Cicero ist ein au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnlich gro\u00dfer Teil seines Werkes erhalten. Er ist der am besten \u00fcberlieferte Autor der r\u00f6mischen Antike.<br>Einige seiner Werke findest du in unserer Bibliothek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">1. Reden (Orationes)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Etwa 58 Reden sind vollst\u00e4ndig oder weitgehend erhalten. Sie lassen sich in Gerichts-, politische und Festreden gliedern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bekannte Gerichtsreden:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Pro Roscio Amerino<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>In Verrem<\/em> (gegen Verres, Korruptionsprozess)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Pro Cluentio<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Pro Milone<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Politische Reden:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Catilinarische Reden<\/em> (<em>In Catilinam<\/em> I\u2013IV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Philippische Reden<\/em> (<em>Philippicae<\/em> I\u2013XIV) gegen Marcus Antonius<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Weitere bedeutende Reden:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Pro Archia poeta<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Pro Sestio<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Pro Caelio<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">2. Philosophische Schriften<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Diese Werke entstanden vor allem in Ciceros sp\u00e4teren Lebensjahren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ethik und Lebensf\u00fchrung:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>De officiis<\/em> (\u00dcber die Pflichten)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De finibus bonorum et malorum<\/em> (\u00dcber das h\u00f6chste Gut und das h\u00f6chste \u00dcbel)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Tusculanae disputationes<\/em> (Tuskulanische Gespr\u00e4che)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Cato maior de senectute<\/em> (\u00dcber das Alter)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Laelius de amicitia<\/em> (\u00dcber die Freundschaft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Erkenntnistheorie und Religion:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Academica<\/em> (akademischer Skeptizismus)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De natura deorum<\/em> (\u00dcber das Wesen der G\u00f6tter)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De divinatione<\/em> (\u00dcber die Weissagung)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De fato<\/em> (\u00dcber das Schicksal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Staatsphilosophie:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>De re publica<\/em> (\u00dcber den Staat; teilweise erhalten)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De legibus<\/em> (\u00dcber die Gesetze; teilweise erhalten)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Rhetorische Schriften<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Diese Werke behandeln Theorie und Praxis der Redekunst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>De oratore<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Brutus<\/em> (Geschichte der r\u00f6mischen Redekunst)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Orator<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De inventione<\/em> (fr\u00fches Werk)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Topica<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">4. Briefe (Epistulae)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ciceros Briefe sind eine der wichtigsten Quellen zur r\u00f6mischen Geschichte des 1. Jh. v. Chr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Epistulae ad Atticum<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Epistulae ad familiares<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Epistulae ad Brutum<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">5. Verlorene Werke (nur Fragmente oder Titel \u00fcberliefert)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zur Einordnung, obwohl nicht erhalten:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Hortensius<\/em> (philosophischer Protreptikos; nur Fragmente)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De gloria<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De consulatu suo<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-196038fe alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-modal uagb-block-8b94e969 uagb-modal-wrapper\" data-escpress=\"enable\" data-overlayclick=\"enable\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/pictehrung3-150x117.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uagb-modal-trigger\" width=\"150\" height=\"117\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><div class=\"uagb-effect-default uagb-modal-popup uagb-block-8b94e969 uagb-modal-type-undefined\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-9bd5182a\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-038fb85a\"><h1 class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><strong>Ehrungen<\/strong><\/h1><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-47c6f590 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini1.png ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini1.png 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini1.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17791\" width=\"810\" height=\"1080\" title=\"960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Marmorb\u00fcste 1. Jhd., Kapitolinische Museen Rom<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-cd14ffdc wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cicero_-_Palazzo_di_Giustizia1.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cicero_-_Palazzo_di_Giustizia1.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cicero_-_Palazzo_di_Giustizia1.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cicero_-_Palazzo_di_Giustizia1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17789\" width=\"224\" height=\"438\" title=\"Cicero_-_Palazzo_di_Giustizia[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Statue am Justizpalast Rom <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-b5c0dce1 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cicero-Amien-e1770200293996.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cicero-Amien-e1770200293996.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cicero-Amien-e1770200293996.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cicero-Amien-e1770200293996.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17792\" width=\"419\" height=\"645\" title=\"Cicero Amien\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Statue von J.-C. Sanson am Justizpalast Amiens (Frankreich)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-94220ce9 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Ciceron_Vaux1-e1770201009714.png ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Ciceron_Vaux1-e1770201009714.png 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Ciceron_Vaux1-e1770201009714.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Ciceron_Vaux1-e1770201009714.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17793\" width=\"574\" height=\"956\" title=\"960px-Ciceron_Vaux[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Marmorb\u00fcste 17. Jhd. Florenz<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-e7efb9da wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Hans_W_Schmidt_-_Ciceron_in_the_Senate-1170x832.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Hans_W_Schmidt_-_Ciceron_in_the_Senate.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Hans_W_Schmidt_-_Ciceron_in_the_Senate.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Hans_W_Schmidt_-_Ciceron_in_the_Senate-1170x832.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17785\" width=\"1170\" height=\"832\" title=\"Hans_W_Schmidt_-_Ciceron_in_the_Senate\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Cicero im Senat<br>Hans W. Schmidt (1912)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-546c6e88 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cesare_Maccari_-_Cicero-Mascaline-1170x733.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cesare_Maccari_-_Cicero-Mascaline.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cesare_Maccari_-_Cicero-Mascaline.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Cesare_Maccari_-_Cicero-Mascaline-1170x733.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17784\" width=\"1170\" height=\"733\" title=\"Cesare_Maccari_-_Cicero Mascaline\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Cicero beschuldigt Catilina<br>Wandfresko im Palazzo Madama Rom von Cesare Maccari (1889)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-337e296b wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Svedomsky-Fulvia-Cicero-1170x586.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Svedomsky-Fulvia-Cicero.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Svedomsky-Fulvia-Cicero.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Svedomsky-Fulvia-Cicero-1170x586.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17783\" width=\"1170\" height=\"586\" title=\"1280px-Svedomsky-Fulvia Cicero\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Fulvia mit dem Kopf von Cicero<br>Paul Alexander Svedomsky (1898)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-aabef7b4 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tancredi_Scarpelli_-_The_Death_of_Cicero_-_MeisterDrucke-14206871.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tancredi_Scarpelli_-_The_Death_of_Cicero_-_MeisterDrucke-14206871.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tancredi_Scarpelli_-_The_Death_of_Cicero_-_MeisterDrucke-14206871.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tancredi_Scarpelli_-_The_Death_of_Cicero_-_MeisterDrucke-14206871.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17787\" width=\"882\" height=\"1260\" title=\"Tancredi_Scarpelli_-_The_Death_of_Cicero_-_(MeisterDrucke-1420687)[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Der Tod des Cicero<br>Tancredi Scarpelli (1929)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-768b58ba wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Cicero_discovering_tomb_of_Archimedes__Paolo_Barbotti_1-1170x830.jpeg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Cicero_discovering_tomb_of_Archimedes__Paolo_Barbotti_1.jpeg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Cicero_discovering_tomb_of_Archimedes__Paolo_Barbotti_1.jpeg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1280px-Cicero_discovering_tomb_of_Archimedes__Paolo_Barbotti_1-1170x830.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17786\" width=\"1170\" height=\"830\" title=\"1280px-Cicero_discovering_tomb_of_Archimedes_(_Paolo_Barbotti_)[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Cicero entdeckt das Grab von Archimedes<br>Paul Barbotti (1853)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-752fdbf3 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1957.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1957.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1957.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1957.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17810\" width=\"241\" height=\"294\" title=\"BM Cicero Italien 1957\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Briefmarke Italien 1957<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-503b891b wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Bhutan-1971.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Bhutan-1971.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Bhutan-1971.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Bhutan-1971.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17809\" width=\"223\" height=\"281\" title=\"BM Cicero Bhutan 1971\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Briefmarke Bhutan 1971<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-75f0504d wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1997.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1997.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1997.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Italien-1997.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17811\" width=\"298\" height=\"219\" title=\"BM Cicero Italien 1997\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Briefmarke Italien 1971<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-ac446cff wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Malteserorden-2014.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Malteserorden-2014.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Malteserorden-2014.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BM-Cicero-Malteserorden-2014.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17812\" width=\"500\" height=\"656\" title=\"BM Cicero Malteserorden 2014\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Briefmarke Malteserorden 2014<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-9210aa75 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/330px-The_so-called_Tomb_of_Cicero_Formia_143585113881.jpg ,https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/330px-The_so-called_Tomb_of_Cicero_Formia_143585113881.jpg 780w, https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/330px-The_so-called_Tomb_of_Cicero_Formia_143585113881.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/330px-The_so-called_Tomb_of_Cicero_Formia_143585113881.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-17796\" width=\"330\" height=\"498\" title=\"330px-The_so-called_Tomb_of_Cicero,_Formia_(14358511388)[1]\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Grabmal des Cicero bei Formia<br>Ob er tats\u00e4chlich hier begraben wurde, ist aber zweifelhaft.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-3209e1d4\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><em>Es ist ein Philosophieren, das seine Stelle hat, es wird Vortreffliches gesagt. Er hat vielfache Erfahrungen des Lebens gemacht und seines Gem\u00fctes, daraus sich das Wahrhafte genommen, nachdem er gesehen, wie es zugeht in der Welt.<\/em><\/h3><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\">Georg W. F. Hegel<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-96e1375643aac74f83b1218232ff704f\" style=\"font-size:24px\">Die Pflanzengattung Ciceronia und der Asteroid (9446) <br>wurden nach Cicero benannt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-e55b46e1\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><em>Seine ungeheure Wirkung beruht auf der Pr\u00e4gnanz, mit der er es versteht zu definieren. Dabei verbindet er Weisheit und \u00dcberzeugungskraft. Denn Weisheit ohne Beredsamkeit n\u00fctzt wenig. Und Beredsamkeit ohne Weisheit richtet viel Unheil an.<\/em><\/h3><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\">Richard David Precht<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Bildnachweis<\/strong><br>Marmorb\u00fcste Rom: Glauco92 (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<br>Statue Justizpalast Rom: Augurmm (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<br>Statue Justizpalast Amiens: Patrick (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>)<br>Grabmal: Carole Raddato (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>)<br><br><strong>Zitatnachweis<\/strong><br>Georg W. F. Hegel &#8222;Vorlesungen zur Geschichte der Philosophie&#8220;<br>Richard D. Precht &#8222;Erkenne die Welt&#8220; Geschichte der Philosophie Bd. 1<\/p>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-modal uagb-block-6cf50666 uagb-modal-wrapper\" data-escpress=\"enable\" data-overlayclick=\"enable\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Kinosaal-e1738220399879-150x117.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uagb-modal-trigger\" width=\"150\" height=\"117\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><div class=\"uagb-effect-default uagb-modal-popup uagb-block-6cf50666 uagb-modal-type-undefined\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-modal-popup-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Videos zu Cicero findest du in unserem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/?page_id=6128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kinosaal<\/a>, zum Beispiel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_20307\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  __youtube_prefs_gdpr__  epyt-is-override \" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">In unserem Kinosaal werden YouTube-Inhalte wiedergegeben. \u00dcber Cookies werden dabei von Google Nutzerdaten erhoben.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">n\u00e4here Infos siehe YouTube-Datenschutzrichtlinie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Wenn Sie diesen Hinweis akzeptieren, wird Ihre Auswahl gespeichert und die Seite wird aktualisiert. Wenn Sie dies nicht m\u00f6chten, k\u00f6nnen Sie unseren Kinosaal leider nicht nutzen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"9985B39C_A679_11AA_E7EF_78842F400DFB\"><\/div>\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"__youtube_prefs_gdpr__\">Ich akzeptiere YouTube Inhalt<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/icon-check.png\" alt=\"accept\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Denker des Abendlandes: Cicero&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><button class=\"uagb-modal-popup-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C304.4 412.9 296.2 416 288 416s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3L54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416S15.63 412.9 9.375 406.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uag-hide-mob uagb-block-f8090d74\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-41453401\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab uag-hide-mob uagb-block-6b3696e5\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-cd73b247\"><div class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><em>Mein ganz eigener Plutarch \u2013 so vollkommen, so ein hervorragender Beurteiler menschlicher Handlungen.<\/em><\/div><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-53cca82b\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-513bec9a\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-testimonial uagb-slick-carousel uagb-tm__arrow-outside uagb-block-49972fb4\"><div class=\"is-carousel uagb-tm__columns-1 uagb-tm__items\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Unsere Vorfahren sollten uns zum Muster dienen, so gelte als erste Ausnahme, dass man nicht ihre Fehler nachahmen darf.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">Friedrich Engels <\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Wenn du einen Garten <br>in einer Bibliothek hast, <br>wird es dir an nichts fehlen.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe <\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Die sorgenfreie\u00a0Erinnerung\u00a0<br>an vergangenen Schmerz <br>bringt n\u00e4mlich Freude.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe <\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Nichts ist so sicher gesch\u00fctzt,<br>dass es nicht mit Geld <br>erobert werden kann.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Wenn das\u00a0Gesetz\u00a0gebrochen werden muss, <br>dann nur, um die\u00a0Macht\u00a0zu ergreifen;<br>ansonsten ist es heilig zu halten.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Den Gesetzen <br>gehorchen wir nur deswegen, <br>um frei sein zu k\u00f6nnen.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uagb-testimonial__wrap  uagb-tm__imgicon-style-circle uagb-tm__image-position-bottom uagb-tm__bg-type-color \"><div class=\"uagb-tm__content\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__text-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-tm__desc\">Ich mahne unabl\u00e4ssig zum Frieden;<br>dieser, auch ein ungerechter, <br>ist besser als der gerechteste Krieg.<\/div><div class=\"uagb-tm__meta-inner\"><div class=\"uagb-testimonial-details\"><span class=\"uagb-tm__author-name\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"uagb-tm__company\">Company Name<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-9b383dc5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marcus Tullius Cicero war Politiker, Redner, Philosoph und Schriftsteller und pr\u00e4gte wie kaum ein anderer das geistige Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis der sp\u00e4ten R\u00f6mischen Republik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-page-builder-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[86,200,154],"class_list":["post-17797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-portraets","tag-antike","tag-cicero","tag-neuheit"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/museum-der-philosophie.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/960px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini1.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Klaus 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